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Basic Git Commands

 Basic Git Commands


Objectives and Outcomes

In this exercise you will get familiar with some basic Git commands. At the end of this exercise you will be able to:

  • Set up a folder as a Git repository

  • Perform basic Git operations on your Git repository

Basic Git Commands

  • At a convenient location on your computer, create a folder named git-test.

  • Open this git-test folder in your favorite editor.

  • Add a file named index.html to this folder, and add the following HTML code to this file:

Initializing the folder as a Git repository

Go to the git-test folder in your cmd window/terminal and type the following at the prompt to initialize the folder as a Git repository:

Checking your Git repository status

Type the following at the prompt to check your Git repository's status:

Adding files to the staging area

To add files to the staging area of your Git repository, type:

Commiting to the Git repository

To commit the current staging area to your Git repository, type:

Checking the log of Git commits

  • To check the log of the commits to your Git repository, type:


Now, modify the index.html file as follows:
  • Add a sub-folder named templates to your git-test folder, and then add a file named test.html to the templates folder.
  • Then set the contents of this file to be the same as the index.html file above.
  • Then check the status and add all the files to the staging area.
  • Then do the second commit to your repository

Now, modify the index.html file as follows:
Now add the modified index.html file to the staging area and then do a third commit.

Checking out a file from an earlier commit

To check out the index.html from the second commit, find the number of the second commit using the git log, and then type the following at the prompt:

Resetting the Git repository

To discard the effect of the previous operation and restore index.html to its state at the end of the third commit, type:

Then type the following at the prompt:

You can also use git reset to reset the staging area to the last commit without disturbing the working directory. Conclusions At the end of this exercise you should have learnt some basic Git commands. Experiment with these commands until you fully understand how to use Git.

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